Although Iran’s health research system possesses formal structures, scientific capacities, and considerable infrastructure, it operates in practice as a dynamic, multi-actor ecosystem. The gap between the centralized and bureaucratic logic of research governance and the dynamism of this ecosystem has meant that knowledge-production capacities are not systematically connected to the policy and implementation needs of the health system, and the pathway from research to policy and practice remains characterized by fragmentation and inefficiency. This policy brief argues that the main problem is not merely a lack of resources or actors; rather, it lies in the weak design of interaction rules, incentives, information flows, resource allocation, and accountability mechanisms, such that an effective linkage has not been established among national priorities, research investment, knowledge production, and its application. To remedy this situation, five complementary strategies are proposed. The coordinated implementation of these reforms can shift health research governance from fragmented management and control of research activities toward strategic steering of a coordinated, networked, problem-oriented, and impactful ecosystem, in which resources, scientific capacities, and policy and implementation needs are connected to one another in a learning and responsive cycle.