The issue of health and culture are closely related to each other. The studies of Kohort in Golestan province showed that the most important factors in increasing the risk of gastrointestinal cancer are the cultural factors and the lifestyle of the studied community. This research was done with the purpose of why and how to apply medical/cultural anthropology in identifying the causes of gastrointestinal cancer in the Turkmen people. This article used the qualitative method and the means of collecting information were documentary studies and ethnographic methods (observation and interview). The main question of the research was how anthropological knowledge can enter the studied society in the issue of gastrointestinal cancer and recover the roots and cultural contexts of the spread of the disease? The findings indicated that the belief system was recognized as a causal category and the nutrition system as an intervening category in the process of prevalence, screening, prevention and effective treatment. In between, three concepts of fatalism, holy suffering and healing were identified as elements of the formation of this approach. The results showed that anthropology can be effective in interacting with medicine from two perspectives in the health system. First, providing strategies to understand the problem of disease and explaining the behaviors that lead to the disease and facilitating the entry of biomedical doctors into the field of study and treatment, secondly, understanding the cultural roots that cause the occurrence of dangerous behaviors regarding the disease and creating a context for changing the narrative of people's lifestyles in order to eliminate such behaviors. Risky and create well-being fields.