fa جایگاه آموزش سلامت در کتاب سلامت و بهداشت پایه دوازدهم عمومى General اصيل Original Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt"><span style="line-height:18pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-0.15pt"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">زمینه و هدف</span></span></b><b>:</b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی جایگاه آموزش سلامت در کتاب درسی سلامت و بهداشت پایه دوازدهم انجام شد.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:8pt"><span style="line-height:18pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-0.15pt"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">روش:</span></span></b> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">&nbsp;نوع</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">پژوهش،</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">توصیفی</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">روش آن،</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تحلیل محتواست</span></span> .<span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">جامعه</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آماری،</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">کتاب</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">سلامت</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بهداشت</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">پایه</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">دوازدهم</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">متوسطه</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">سال</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تحصیلی</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">1400-1399 و نمونه</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آماری،</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">کل</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">کتاب</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">می&shy;باشد.</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ابزار</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">گردآوری</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اطلاعات،</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">سیاهه</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مؤلفه&shy;های آموزش سلامت است.</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">روایی</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ابزار،</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">صوری</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و برای</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">پایایی</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آن،</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">از</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">روش</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ویلیام</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اسکات</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">استفاده</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">شده</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">است.</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">برای</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تجزیه‌وتحلیل</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">داده&shy;ها</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">از</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">دو روش</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تعیین</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">فراوانی</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">درصدگیری مؤلفه&shy;ها</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آنتروپی</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">شانون</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بهره</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">گرفته&shy;شده</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">است.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:8pt"><span style="line-height:18pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-0.15pt"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">یافته‌ها: </span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">یافته&shy;ها</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نشان</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">می</span></span>&shy;<span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">دهد</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">که</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">412 مورد</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ازمتن نوشتاری و فعالیت های یادگیری به</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مؤلفه</span></span>&shy;<span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">های</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آموزش</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">سلامت</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اختصاص دارد</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">که در متن نوشتاری،</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بیشترین</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">فراوانی</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">به</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مؤلّفه</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">خودمراقبتی</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">با</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">92</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مورد (</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">85/ 32</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">درصد) و کمترین</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">فراوانی</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">با</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">6</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مورد</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">به</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مؤلفه</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">سلامت</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">جسم (14/2 درصد)</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مربوط</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">است و در فعالیت‌های یادگیری، بیشترین فراوانی به مؤلفه</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">شناخت</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بیماری</span></span>&shy;<span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ها</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">با</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">37</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مورد</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">(03/28 درصد) و</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">کمترین</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">فراوانی</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">با 5</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مورد</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">به</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مؤلفه</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">سلامت</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">محیط (78/3 درصد) مربوط</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">است</span></span>.<span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:8pt"><span style="line-height:18pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-0.15pt"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نتیجه‌گیری</span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">:</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> با توجه به یافته های این پژوهش می توان نتیجه گرفت که طراحان و مؤلفان کتاب‌های درسی به صورت متوازن به هریک از مؤلفه‌های آموزش سلامت توجه نکرده‌اند و این امر باعث می‌شود برخی از ابعاد مهم آموزش سلامت تا اندازه‌ای مغفول واقع شوند. بنابراین، توزیع و پراکندگی برخی از شاخص‌های آموزش سلامت در این کتاب درسی نامناسب است.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Background:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"> The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the place of health education in the 12^th grade health and hygiene textbook. </span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"> The type of research is descriptive conducted with a method of content analysis. The statistical community is the health and hygiene book of the twelfth grade of high school in the academic year 2020-2021 and the statistical sample is the entire book. The tool for collecting information is the checklist of components of health education. The validity of the instrument is formal, and William Scott&#39;s method is used for reliability. For data analysis, two methods of determining frequency and percentage of components and Shannon entropy have been used.</span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Results:</span></b> <span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt">The findings show that 412 items from the written text and learning activities are dedicated to the components of health education. In the written text, the highest frequency is related to the self-care component with 92 items (%32.85) and the lowest frequency with 6 items is related to the physical health component (% 2.14). Regarding learning activities, the highest frequency is related to the disease recognition component, with 37 cases (%28.03) and the lowest frequency with 5 cases is related to the environmental health component (%3.78).</span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"> According to the findings of this research, it can be concluded that the designers and authors of the textbooks have not paid attention to each of the components of health education in a balanced way, and this causes some important aspects of health education to be neglected to some extent. Therefore, the distribution and dispersion of some health education indicators in this textbook is inappropriate.</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-size:10.0pt"></span></span></span></span></div> آموزش بهداشت, خودمراقبتی, رفتار خطرناک, رژیم غذایی سالم Dangerous Behavior, Health Education, Self Care, Healthy diet 590 597 http://ijhp.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-371-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Nooshin Baradari نوشین برادری nooshinbaradari@gmail.com 10031947532846009992 10031947532846009992 No Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مهاباد، ایران Edris Islami ادریس اسلامی edrisislami@yahoo.com 10031947532846009993 10031947532846009993 Yes Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مهاباد، ایران